120 MCQ Child Development and Pedagogy for Assam TET – Practice Questions and Answers

Preparing for the Assam TET exam 2023? Practice your knowledge of Child Development and Pedagogy with these 120 MCQs, covering a wide range of topics from cognitive development to classroom management. Each question is followed by a detailed answer to help you enhance your understanding and score well in the exam.

Child Development and Pedagogy for Assam TET 2023

Child development and pedagogy is an essential subject in the Assam TET 2023 for 6th Schedule Exam. This chapter is designed to provide candidates with a comprehensive understanding of child development and pedagogy, and its relevance to teaching.

Chapter: Child Development and Pedagogy
• Understanding Child Development
• Theories of Learning and Teaching
• Classroom Management and Assessment Techniques

Assam TET child Development and Pedagogy MCQ

1. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs from birth to 2 years of age?
a) Concrete operational
b) Preoperational
c) Formal operational
d) Sensorimotor
Answer: d) Sensorimotor

2. In the context of cognitive development, what is scaffolding?
a) Encouraging a child to work independently
b) Providing guidance and support to help a child learn a new skill
c) Punishing a child for incorrect answers
d) Ignoring a child’s questions or concerns
Answer: b) Providing guidance and support to help a child learn a new skill

3. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary conflict or challenge faced by adolescents?
a) Identity vs. role confusion
b) Generativity vs. stagnation
c) Trust vs. mistrust
d) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: a) Identity vs. role confusion

4. What is the role of the amygdala in emotion regulation?
a) It is responsible for initiating emotional responses.
b) It is responsible for inhibiting emotional responses.
c) It is responsible for processing and interpreting emotional stimuli.
d) It is responsible for the long-term storage of emotional memories.
Answer: a) It is responsible for initiating emotional responses.

5. Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?
a) Studying because you find the subject interesting and enjoyable
b) Studying because you want to impress your teacher or parents
c) Studying because you want to achieve a personal goal or milestone
d) Studying because you want to help others or make a difference in the world
Answer: b) Studying because you want to impress your teacher or parents

6. What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation, according to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
a) Assimilation involves adjusting existing mental frameworks to fit new information, while accommodation involves creating new mental frameworks to fit new information.
b) Assimilation involves ignoring new information that doesn’t fit existing mental frameworks, while accommodation involves accepting all new information as equally valid.
c) Assimilation involves using trial and error to learn new information, while accommodation involves using intuition and instinct.
d) Assimilation involves rote memorization of new information, while accommodation involves creative problem-solving.
Answer: a) Assimilation involves adjusting existing mental frameworks to fit new information, while accommodation involves creating new mental frameworks to fit new information.

7. What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in executive function?
a) It is responsible for initiating motor movements and physical actions.
b) It is responsible for processing sensory information and stimuli.
c) It is responsible for regulating emotions and impulses.
d) It is responsible for long-term memory storage and retrieval.
Answer: c) It is responsible for regulating emotions and impulses.

8. Which of the following is NOT an example of gross motor development?
a. Running
b. Crawling
c. Walking
d. Drawing
Answer: d. Drawing

9. The term “scaffolding” in education refers to:
a. The process of supporting children’s learning and skill development
b. A structure on a playground for children to climb on
c. A type of discipline used in early childhood classrooms
d. A specific curriculum used in early childhood education
Answer: a. The process of supporting children’s learning and skill development

10. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs from birth to approximately 2 years old?
a. Preoperational
b. Sensorimotor
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
Answer: b. Sensorimotor

11. The term “zone of proximal development” was coined by:
a. Jean Piaget
b. Lev Vygotsky
c. Erik Erikson
d. Lawrence Kohlberg
Answer: b. Lev Vygotsky

12. What is the term for the type of play in which children play alongside each other without interacting?
a. Solitary play
b. Parallel play
c. Cooperative play
d. Interactive play
Answer: b. Parallel play

13. Which of the following is NOT an example of a fine motor skill?
a. Writing
b. Buttoning a shirt
c. Jumping
d. Cutting with scissors
Answer: c. Jumping

14. Which of the following is NOT a type of developmental milestone?
a. Cognitive
b. Physical
c. Emotional
d. Social
Answer: c. Emotional

15. Which of the following is an example of a child-centered approach to learning?
a. A teacher lecturing to a group of students
b. A teacher guiding students in a group discussion
c. A teacher assigning independent work
d. A teacher providing a worksheet for individual completion
Answer: b. A teacher guiding students in a group discussion

16. Which of the following is NOT an example of a risk factor that can impact a child’s development?
a. Poverty
b. Parental involvement
c. Trauma
d. Neglect
Answer: b. Parental involvement

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17.According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during adolescence?
a. Trust vs. mistrust
b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. Initiative vs. guilt
d. Identity vs. role confusion
Answer: d. Identity vs. role confusion

18. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
a. Tying shoes
b. Brushing teeth
c. Running
d. Drawing
Answer: c. Running

19. Which of the following is an example of a developmental milestone for a 6-month-old infant?
a. Standing without support
b. Walking independently
c. Rolling over
d. Speaking in full sentences
Answer: c. Rolling over

20. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs from approximately 2 to 7 years old?
a. Preoperational
b. Sensorimotor
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
Answer: a. Preoperational

21. What is the term for the type of play in which children play alone without interaction from others?
a. Solitary play
b. Parallel play
c. Cooperative play
d. Interactive play
Answer: a. Solitary play

22. Which of the following is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage of cognitive development according to Piaget?
A. Conservation
B. Abstract thinking
C. Logical thinking
D. Object permanence
Answer: D

23. In which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development do children experience the conflict of industry vs. inferiority?
A. Trust vs. mistrust
B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
Answer: D

24. Which of the following is a key aspect of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of development?
A. The importance of maturation in development
B. The role of reinforcement in learning
C. The significance of social interactions and cultural contexts in development
D. The impact of early childhood experiences on later development
Answer: C

25. Which of the following is NOT an example of a fine motor skill?
A. Writing
B. Throwing a ball
C. Using scissors
D. Tying shoelaces
Answer: B

26. Which of the following is NOT a common language disorder in children?
A. Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Specific Language Impairment
C. Stuttering
D. Dyslexia
Answer: D

27. Which of the following is a key component of effective discipline?
A. Punishing children for misbehavior
B. Ignoring children’s misbehavior
C. Using physical force to control behavior
D. Providing clear and consistent boundaries and consequences
Answer: D

28. According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, in which stage do adolescents experience the conflict of identity vs. role confusion?
A. Initiative vs. guilt
B. Trust vs. mistrust
C. Identity vs. role confusion
D. Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer: C

29. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence child development?
A. Genetics
B. Environment
C. Nutrition
D. Luck
Answer: D

30. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
A. Tying shoelaces
B. Playing the piano
C. Riding a bike
D. Drawing a picture
Answer: C

31. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can impact language development in children?
A. Genetics
B. Environment
C. Age
D. Gender
Answer: D

32. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage involves the development of logical thinking?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Answer: C

33. Which of the following is NOT a common behavioral disorder in children?
A. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
B. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
C. Conduct Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
Answer: D

34. Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of emotional development?
A. Self-awareness
B. Empathy
C. Self-esteem
D. Logical thinking
Answer: D

35. According to Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which of the following is an important concept in learning?
A. Maturation
B. Reinforcement
C. Scaffolding
D. Observational learning
Answer: C

36. Which of the following is NOT a factor that can impact physical development in children?
A. Genetics
B. Nutrition
C. Environment
D. Temperament

37. Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?
A) Running
B) Jumping
C) Drawing
D) Skipping
Answer: C) Drawing

38. What is the term for the process by which a child learns to understand and use language?
A) Language development
B) Cognitive development
C) Social development
D) Emotional development
Answer: A) Language development

39. A teacher notices that a child in their class is having difficulty with reading. What is the best way to address this issue?
A) Punish the child for not reading well
B) Ignore the issue, as it will probably resolve itself
C) Provide extra support and resources to help the child improve their reading skills
D) Tell the child’s parents to work with them at home
Answer: C) Provide extra support and resources to help the child improve their reading skills

40. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, what is the term for the ability to understand that objects exist even when they are not visible?
A) Object permanence
B) Conservation
C) Centration
D) Egocentrism
Answer: A) Object permanence

41. Which of the following is a characteristic of an authoritative parenting style?
A) High demands, low responsiveness
B) Low demands, low responsiveness
C) High demands, high responsiveness
D) Low demands, high responsiveness
Answer: C) High demands, high responsiveness

42. Which of the following is a factor that can impact a child’s development?
A) Genetics
B) Nutrition
C) Environment
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

43. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
A) Playing a piano
B) Typing on a computer keyboard
C) Walking
D) Writing with a pencil
Answer: C) Walking

44. What is the term for the process by which a child learns the cultural norms and values of their society?
A) Socialization
B) Cognition
C) Language development
D) Emotional development
Answer: A) Socialization

45. Which of the following is an example of an accommodation in the classroom?
A) Providing a student with extra time to complete an assignment
B) Giving a student a punishment for misbehavior
C) Ignoring a student who is struggling with a concept
D) Refusing to modify the curriculum for a student who needs it
Answer: A) Providing a student with extra time to complete an assignment

46. What is the term for the process by which a child learns to control their emotions and behavior in socially acceptable ways?
A) Emotional development
B) Cognitive development
C) Social development
D) Physical development
Answer: A) Emotional development

47. What is the term for the process by which a child learns to see things from someone else’s point of view?
A) Object permanence
B) Conservation
C) Centration

48. What is the main goal of inclusive education?
A. To separate students with disabilities from other students
B. To promote equal opportunities for all students to learn together
C. To provide special education services only to students with disabilities
D. To exclude students with disabilities from mainstream classrooms
Answer: B

49. What is the most appropriate way for teachers to interact with parents/guardians of students?
A. Only contact them when there is a problem
B. Ignore them unless they reach out first
C. Keep them informed of their child’s progress and involve them in the learning process
D. Have minimal interaction with them
Answer: C

50. What is the main purpose of formative assessment?
A. To evaluate students’ learning at the end of a unit
B. To provide feedback to students to improve their learning during the unit
C. To compare students’ performance to that of their peers
D. To assess students’ learning in a standardized way
Answer: B

51. What is the primary responsibility of a teacher towards students with disabilities?
A. To provide accommodations and modifications to help them succeed
B. To exclude them from the classroom
C. To provide only specialized instruction
D. To refer them to a special education program
Answer: A

52. What is the role of a teacher in promoting social-emotional development in students?
A. To provide opportunities for students to practice social-emotional skills
B. To ignore students’ social-emotional needs
C. To only focus on academic achievement
D. To teach social-emotional skills without providing opportunities for practice
Answer: A

53. What is the main focus of a student-centered classroom?
A. To focus on the teacher’s needs and preferences
B. To focus on the needs and preferences of individual students
C. To provide a standardized curriculum to all students
D. To exclude students with disabilities
Answer: B

54. What is the importance of play in early childhood education?
A. Play is a waste of time and should be avoided in the classroom
B. Play promotes physical activity but has no impact on learning
C. Play promotes social, emotional, and cognitive development
D. Play should only be used as a reward for good behavior
Answer: C

55. What is the primary goal of classroom management?
A. To control students’ behavior
B. To create a safe and positive learning environment
C. To punish students for misbehavior
D. To exclude students who are not performing well academically
Answer: B

56. What is the best way for teachers to address diverse learning needs in the classroom?
A. Provide the same instruction to all students regardless of their needs
B. Ignore students’ diverse learning needs
C. Provide differentiated instruction to meet the needs of all students
D. Group students by ability level to simplify instruction
Answer: C

57. What is the importance of creating a positive classroom environment?
A. A positive classroom environment encourages misbehavior
B. A positive classroom environment has no impact on learning
C. A positive classroom environment fosters learning and supports student well-being
D. A positive classroom environment is only important for students with disabilities
Answer: C

58. What is the main focus of a student’s individual education plan (IEP)?
A. To provide specialized instruction only to students with disabilities
B. To exclude students with disabilities from mainstream classrooms
C. To set individual goals and accommodations for students with disabilities
D. To compare students with disabilities to their non-disabled peers
Answer: C

59. Which of the following is an example of verbal communication?
A) Writing a letter
B) Making a facial expression
C) Drawing a picture
D) Playing a musical instrument
Answer: A) Writing a letter

56. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs during early childhood?
A) Preoperational
B) Concrete operational
C) Formal operational
D) Sensorimotor
Answer: A) Preoperational

57. Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?
A) Speaking a foreign language
B) Using hand gestures
C) Writing a note
D) Sending an email
Answer: B) Using hand gestures

58. Which of the following is NOT an example of a learning disability?
A) Autism spectrum disorder
B) Dyslexia
C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D) Deafness
Answer: D) Deafness

59. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during adolescence?
A) Trust vs. mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C) Industry vs. inferiority
D) Identity vs. role confusion
Answer: D) Identity vs. role confusion

60. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of constructivism?
A) Learning is an active process
B) Learners construct their own knowledge
C) Knowledge is transmitted from the teacher to the learner
D) Learners build on their prior knowledge
Answer: C) Knowledge is transmitted from the teacher to the learner

61. Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?
A) Feeling angry
B) Remembering a phone number
C) Moving your arm
D) Breathing
Answer: B) Remembering a phone number

62. Which of the following is NOT a principle of developmental psychology?
A) Development is lifelong
B) Development is sequential
C) Development is context-specific
D) Development is random
Answer: D) Development is random

63. Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?
A) Running
B) Jumping
C) Writing
D) Catching a ball
Answer: C) Writing

64. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
A) Drawing
B) Cutting with scissors
C) Typing on a keyboard
D) Riding a bike
Answer: D) Riding a bike

65. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects child development?
A) Genetics
B) Environment
C) Social class
D) Gender
Answer: D) Gender

66. Which of the following is an example of a behaviorist approach to learning?
A) Encouraging students to think critically
B) Providing opportunities for self-directed learning
C) Using rewards and punishments to shape behavior
D) Encouraging students to work collaboratively
Answer: C) Using rewards and punishments to shape behavior

68. Which of the following is NOT an example of a visual learning style?
A) Taking notes
B) Using diagrams
C) Watching videos
D) Listening to lectures
Answer: D) Listening to lectures

69. According to Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural development, which of the following is most important for cognitive development?
A) Individual experience
B) Social interaction
C) Biological maturation
D) Self-directed learning
Answer: B) Social interaction

70. What is the term for the process by which a child acquires the ability to understand and use language?
A) Language acquisition
B) Language proficiency
C) Language development
D) Linguistic ability
Answer: A

71. A child’s ability to understand and control their emotions is known as:
A) Emotional development
B) Social development
C) Cognitive development
D) Physical development
Answer: A

72. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs between the ages of 7 and 12 years and is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and events?
A) Sensorimotor
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operational
D) Formal operational
Answer: C

73. What is the term for the process by which a child develops the ability to perform increasingly complex motor skills?
A) Motor development
B) Physical development
C) Sensory development
D) Cognitive development
Answer: A

74. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during adolescence and is characterized by the need to establish a sense of identity?
A) Trust vs. mistrust
B) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) Identity vs. role confusion
Answer: D

75. What is the term for the process by which a child develops an understanding of the social and cultural norms of their community?
A) Socialization
B) Identity development
C) Cognitive development
D) Emotional development
Answer: A

76. According to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, what is the term for the difference between what a child can do with assistance and what they can do without assistance?
A) Zone of development
B) Zone of proximal development
C) Zone of potential development
D) Zone of cognitive development
Answer: B

77. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
A) Drawing a picture
B) Threading a needle
C) Riding a bike
D) Solving a math problem
Answer: C

78. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met before a child can fulfill their need for self-actualization?
A) Safety needs
B) Esteem needs
C) Love and belonging needs
D) Physiological needs
Answer: A

79. What is the term for the process by which a child develops the ability to think, reason, and solve problems?
A) Cognitive development
B) Emotional development
C) Social development
D) Physical development
Answer: A

80. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, what is the term for the process by which a child learns by observing the behavior of others?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Vicarious learning
D) Reinforcement learning
Answer: C

81. What is the term for the process by which a child develops a sense of self and their own identity?
A) Identity development
B) Socialization
C) Cognitive development
D) Emotional development
Answer: A

82. Which of the following is NOT an essential component of effective classroom management?
A. Consistency
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Clear expectations
Answer: C. Punishment

83. According to Vygotsky, which of the following is important for promoting cognitive development in children?
A. Exploration
B. Memory
C. Play
D. Social interaction
Answer: D. Social interaction

84. What is the term for the ability to understand and share the feelings of others?
A. Empathy
B. Sympathy
C. Compassion
D. Altruism
Answer: A. Empathy

85. What is the term for the process by which children learn the social norms and values of their culture?
A. Socialization
B. Enculturation
C. Assimilation
D. Acculturation
Answer: B. Enculturation

86. What is the term for the ability to understand and use language effectively?
A. Linguistic intelligence
B. Logical-mathematical intelligence
C. Spatial intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence
Answer: A. Linguistic intelligence

87. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective communication?
A. Clarity
B. Empathy
C. Precision
D. Ambiguity
Answer: D. Ambiguity

88. Which of the following is an example of a developmentally appropriate practice for young children?
A. Giving lectures and presentations
B. Using formal assessments
C. Providing opportunities for hands-on exploration and discovery
D. Focusing primarily on academic instruction
Answer: C. Providing opportunities for hands-on exploration and discovery

89. Which of the following is an important factor to consider when designing learning activities for students with diverse learning needs?
A. Keeping the activities simple and basic
B. Focusing on rote memorization
C. Using only visual aids
D. Adapting the activities to meet individual needs
Answer: D. Adapting the activities to meet individual needs

90. Which of the following is an example of a scaffold that a teacher might use to support a student’s learning?
A. Giving the student the answers to questions
B. Encouraging the student to give up when things get difficult
C. Providing prompts and hints to guide the student’s thinking
D. Ignoring the student’s questions and concerns
Answer: C. Providing prompts and hints to guide the student’s thinking

91. What is the term for the process by which children acquire knowledge and skills through observation and imitation?
A. Accommodation
B. Assimilation
C. Conditioning
D. Modeling
Answer: D. Modeling

92. Which of the following is NOT an example of a learning disability?
A. Dyslexia
B. Autism
C. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
D. Down Syndrome
Answer: D. Down Syndrome

93. What is the term for the ability to recognize and control one’s own emotions and behavior?
A. Self-awareness
B. Self-regulation
C. Self-esteem
D. Self-efficacy
Answer: B. Self-regulation

94. What is the term for the ability to think about and understand one’s own mental processes?
A. Metacognition
B. Self-efficacy
C. Self-determination
D. Self-monitoring
Answer: A. Metacognition

95. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an effective teacher according to child development theories?
a) Empathy
b) Flexibility
c) Consistency
d) Authoritarianism
Answer: d) Authoritarianism

96. The term “scaffolding” in child development refers to:
a) Building a physical structure for children to play on
b) Providing support and guidance to help children develop new skills
c) Encouraging children to work independently without assistance
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Providing support and guidance to help children develop new skills

97. Which of the following is a characteristic of a child-centered classroom?
a) The teacher controls all aspects of the learning environment
b) The teacher provides lectures and directs the learning process
c) Students are encouraged to work independently on individual assignments
d) Students are actively engaged in collaborative and experiential learning activities
Answer: d) Students are actively engaged in collaborative and experiential learning activities

98. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage do children typically experience during their preschool years?
a) Trust vs. mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c) Initiative vs. guilt
d) Industry vs. inferiority
Answer: c) Initiative vs. guilt

99. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the stage during which children learn to use language and symbols to represent objects and ideas is called:
a) Sensorimotor
b) Preoperational
c) Concrete operational
d) Formal operational
Answer: b) Preoperational

100. Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?
a) Throwing a ball
b) Jumping rope
c) Writing with a pencil
d) Running
Answer: c) Writing with a pencil

101. Which of the following is a factor that can impact a child’s social and emotional development?
a) Genetics
b) Nutrition
c) Media exposure
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

102. The term “proximal development” refers to:
a) The stage of development when children learn to walk
b) The process of learning a new language
c) The level of skill or knowledge that a child can achieve with guidance and support
d) None of the above
Answer: c) The level of skill or knowledge that a child can achieve with guidance and support

103. According to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, what is the role of social interaction in learning?
a) It has no impact on learning
b) It is the primary source of learning
c) It is a secondary source of learning
d) It is only relevant in certain situations
Answer: b) It is the primary source of learning

104. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
a) Buttoning a shirt
b) Riding a bike
c) Drawing a picture
d) Playing the piano
Answer: b) Riding a bike

105. Which of the following is not a type of intelligence according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
a) Linguistic
b) Logical-mathematical
c) Interpersonal
d) Kinesthetic
e) All of the above are types of intelligence in Gardner’s theory
Answer: e) All of the above are types of intelligence in Gardner’s theory

106. The term “metacognition” refers to:
a) The process of thinking about thinking
b) The process of learning a new skill
c) The process of remembering information
d) None of the above
Answer: a) The process of thinking about thinking

107. Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive development?
A) The development of physical abilities
B) The development of language and communication skills
C) The development of thinking and learning skills
D) The development of emotional and social skills
Answer: C

108. Which of the following theorists is associated with the concept of the zone of proximal development?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg
Answer: B

109. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during adolescence?
A) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B) Initiative vs. guilt
C) Identity vs. role confusion
D) Integrity vs. despair
Answer: C

110. What is the primary role of a teacher according to the constructivist approach to learning?
A) To provide information and direction
B) To facilitate and guide the learning process
C) To assess and evaluate student learning
D) To create a structured and controlled classroom environment
Answer: B

111. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which need must be met before any other needs can be addressed?
A) Esteem needs
B) Safety needs
C) Self-actualization needs
D) Physiological needs
Answer: D

112. Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill?
A) Writing
B) Throwing a ball
C) Drawing
D) Cutting with scissors
Answer: B

113. What is the primary focus of the developmental perspective on learning?
A) The role of reinforcement and punishment in learning
B) The importance of prior knowledge and experience in learning
C) The influence of social and cultural factors on learning
D) The cognitive processes involved in learning
Answer: B

114. Which of the following is an example of scaffolding?
A) Providing hints or cues to help a student solve a problem
B) Encouraging a student to work independently
C) Assigning extra homework to a struggling student
D) Punishing a student for incorrect answers
Answer: A

115. Which of the following is an example of an authoritarian parenting style?
A) Providing clear rules and expectations while also being warm and supportive
B) Allowing the child to make decisions and set their own rules
C) Being very strict and controlling without showing warmth or support
D) Being permissive and allowing the child to do whatever they want
Answer: C

116. Which of the following is a limitation of standardized tests?
A) They do not provide objective measures of student achievement
B) They are not reliable or valid measures of student learning
C) They are biased against certain groups of students
D) They do not measure higher-order thinking skills
Answer: C

117. Which of the following is an example of an individualized education program (IEP)?
A) A plan for a student with a disability to receive accommodations in the classroom
B) A plan for a gifted student to receive advanced coursework
C) A plan for a student to receive extra homework and assignments
D) A plan for a student to receive counseling services
Answer: A

118. According to the ecological systems theory, which of the following is an example of a microsystem?
A) A student’s peer group
B) A student’s neighborhood
C) A student’s school district
D) A student’s culture
Answer: A